give

Where are you in the cycle of renewal: Are you actively preserving the present, or selectively forgetting the past, or boldly creating the future? What advice would Leah give you to move you ahead on your journey? Once we're on the path of growth, we can continually move through the seasons of transformation and renewal.

To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.

They were given physical training.

They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more inclusive is a guarantee of dysfunction.

They give priority to relationships, as careers often recede .

One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero.

It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it, Ferreira says.

Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point.

In search of a meaningful life, Leah gave up what she had and set up her own yoga studios.

In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.

For most of us, letting go of the safety and security of the past gives us great fear.

Could he help explain her experiences?McGaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her: he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about the world events on that day.

Ask Nima Veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you the details of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of the train he was sitting on his journey to work.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting.

A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are engaged is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children.

The researchers also note that dogs scan faces as a whole to sense how people are feeling, instead of focusing on a given feature.

Brown? You know, Ben’s given up making those terrible faces he used to make.

This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family.

It has given rise to unrealistic expectationsIt saves their energy.

At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.

Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed.

Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another.

That's especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether.

Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.

It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.

It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities.

It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.

In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower.

He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you’ll automatically be given hiring priority.

They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.

The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing.

Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.

No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.

In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better.

Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.

Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example.

Beyond my career, my facility with languages has given me a few rare opportunities.

A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steel case, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are "engaged" is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberati

Along with old classics like "carrots give you night vision" and "Santa doesn't bring toys to misbehaving children", one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers

Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications."How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said."If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and mor

Crowdfunding can be part of researchers’ efforts to reach the public, and people give because "they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.

Eventually, my cough got so much worse that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try.

first of all, could you give me your full name?

For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family

Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers.

He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the perfect search engine will understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.

Hops, for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a relatively recent addition to the beverage.

I agreed to give it a try.

I will give you a call that morning no matter what.

If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.

In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better.

James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up.

Maybe you can give me a practice interview first!.

McGaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her: he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about the world events on that day.

Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples.

Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.

Research has also shown that in coeducational settings, teachers are more likely to praise and give in-depth responses to boys' comments in class.

The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing.

They give priority to relationships, as careers often recede.

We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food.

We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision, an informed decision that if they want to make a healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories, they can.

Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free play.

They have led some birds to give up on migration.

The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics.

Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do.

Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school.

The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.

The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.

It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.

It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.

It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.

Give constructive advice to inner-city schools.

Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook .

And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.

So really, those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise.

But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit.

While we argue phasing out racial terminology in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities between groups, Yudell said.

Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.

Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems.

But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it.

According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.

You say your shop has been doing well, could you give me some idea of what doing well means in facts and figures?Birds are famous for carrying things around.

Professor Henderson, could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you work and your main area of research? I have many Business English students.

People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer’s, which affects the mind and cognitive function.

Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three? What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What’s interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully.

In other words, it appears that minds give out before their bodies do.

They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.

In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams.

Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.

For that, we have a robust informal learning system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.

Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1.

Some U.S. schoolsacknowledge the rigor of European secondary training, and will give up a year’s credit to foreigners who have passed their high school exams.

Moderator: Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure tointroduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr.Miller

It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire their own advertising staff.

And I think we should give it a go.

And if the sources don't give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won't be accurate.

Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have.

But I have refused to give up on Venus.

Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems.

Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook (放过).

Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions?

Every family situation is different, but it is important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.

give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to find—with remarkable speed and precision.

give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods.

However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.

If you're able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager and they will be able to assist you.

I'm having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.

In a statement on its website, the company says it wants Barbies to look more like real people and to give girls everywhere infinitely more ways that spark their imagination and play out their stories.

It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit.

lions are primarily ambush hunters, so when they feel their prey has spotted them, they usually give up on the hunt.

Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams.

One should buy the policies to give the most protection at the least cost, ensure the right family members and consider the family's financial needs.

Professor Henderson, could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you work and your main area of research?

Protein can give them the edge they need to speed that process.

So I figured I'd give it a go.

So really, those supplements aren't going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise.

The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.

These include the centuries-old custom of "bul",  where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish stocks an opportunity to replenish.

They have to give so much thought and attention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball, or fingering the keys or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters—the game, or the music, respectively.

This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger over time.

Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and a resume boost.

What has become obvious to me when it comes to the income gap is that there needs to be an opportunity for the people at the bottom to push them back up and push them into the middle class to give them hope in their lives.

When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them.

When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks.

You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, aren't you, Bill?

You say your shop has been doing well, could you give me some idea of what "doing well" means in facts and figures?

A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.

A year later, I reached my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.

According to the passage, the Adelmans set up "movers and Shakespeares" to give advice on leadership by analysing Shakespeare's plays.

Acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love.

After all, "patty poem" gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.

After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.

Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.

Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.

An evening with simon will give you the confidence to be funny.

And why do cats give dead birds to their owners?

And, before I finish, let me just give you some advice which should make your stay more enjoyable.

Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.

At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confidence about her skills.

At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

Before she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret from me.

Before the school year ended, I gave the kids a special gift, t-shirts with the words "verbs are your friends" on them.

Between march 10th and march 15h, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the curiosity challenge celebration.

Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.

But at union station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "give what you can, take what you need".

But before I go, I'd like to invite you out for dinner — just to thank you for all the help you gave me during my three-month research work here.

But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit ready to go! I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she go.

But if you have a membership card, I can give you a 20% discount.

But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "you can't".

But the most important information I want to give you now is about safety.

By looking at us, listening to us, giving us a sense of dignity, papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.

Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness.

On February 19, a committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.

For days the kids have been looking for others we can help! things would have played out so differently if I had simply said, "No, we really don't have money to give more."

For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.

For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.

Give it some thought and then let me know.

Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.

Guests staying at plaza hotel will be given meal tickets worth $36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity.

Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task.

He quickly gave it to the sick children.

He thought he would make more money if he gave them less food.

He unfortunately passed away last year due to his cancer, but he left a deep impression on me and gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again.

He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.

Her father Peter, 44, wantS her to give up school to model full-time, but Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her education.

History gives art works special appeal to set them apart.

Hopefully that gives you a good start.

However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.

I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.

I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

I give a very simplified version of what a judge does.

I hope I've given you a clear idea of the schedule for your London weekend.

I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.

I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words.

I think it would be satisfaction of enjoying things with others, meaning when you give it to others, whether it's time, attention, a gift, anything, just those moments of sharing.

I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn't fit.

If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it.

If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?

If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period.

If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.

If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.

If you give us your number, we'll call you when the card arrives.

If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet dancer.

I'll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.

I'll give her a ring after lunch.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer.

In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.

In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.

In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest.

In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.

In the author's opinion, many people like to gossip because it gives them a feeling of pleasure.

In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer.

Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power.

Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work."

It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out.

It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable.

It doesn't give people faith and hope.

It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants.

It gave him a feeling of warmth and made him feel that they were home at last.

It gives her a sense of duty.

It gives shows all year round.

It gives us a great feeling of peace.

It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.

It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.

It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city.

Let's give them a warm welcome.

Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species.

Many of our conversations are gossip, I have noticed three effects of gossip: It can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.

Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.

Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty.

More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value.

My color television has given me nothing but a headache.

My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise regularly.

Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.

Offices and work spaces often are not assigned to a given person on a permanent basis.

Okay, I'll give them a call.

On december 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.

On the edge of the Jacket, there is a piece of cloth which/that gives off light in the dark.

One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer.

Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.

Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others."

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.

There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.

When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.

These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement.

But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.

Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.

It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.

Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.

Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.

“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object.

Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.

Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant: It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.

Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.

Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.

"We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary," says Janet wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness": without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed.

Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year-about 64 items per person一and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.

If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty.

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view.

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.

Second, paper checks have the advantage that they provide receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to give up.

Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.