negative sovereignty

The division of the basic rights into positive rights and negative rights in classification is of theoretical as well as practical defects,for any basic rights of integration of both rights are of positive as well as negative attributes and positive as well as negative capacity.

将基本权利划分为积极权利和消极权利在理论和实践上都存在缺陷,任何基本权利都具有积极和消极双重属性,都是积极权利和消极权利的统一,都具有积极权能和消极权能。

The tribune is a vector of negative power.

本文意在通过对罗马共和宪政的一个独特而重要的组成部分——保民官制，及其在共和宪政实践中所发展出的一种特殊的消极权力的关注，以期正确理解意大利公法学界在当代提出的消极权理论。